Aquaculture and fisheries have long supported food security, livelihoods, and economic growth worldwide, from subsistence to commercial activities. However, the growth of the small-scale fisheries and aquaculture sector has been limited, largely constrained by gaps in data to guide policy and decision-making. Participation has also fallen short of its potential, as available information is often inaccessible, leaving key stakeholders, who could strengthen and expand the sector, unaware of the opportunities and benefits for themselves and their communities. Over the past few decades, progress has been made in community awareness, research, training, and capacity building. Governance structures have also improved and advancements have been made in policy and legislative frameworks. However, this progress remains gradual and requires substantial support, as well as robust, intentional, and dedicated interventions. Challenges related to climate change and other anthropogenic pressures also need to be considered in decision-making. Evidence-based approaches are fundamental to advancing equitable, inclusive, and sustainable development of small-scale fisheries and aquaculture.