This situation analysis report synthesizes the state of population and development, focusing on reproductive health and gender indicators in two South African provinces of Kwa-Zulu-Natal (KZN) and the Eastern Cape (EC). The report provides an evidence-based reference aimed at informing policy makers and programme planners from both the government involved in protecting the rights and improving the lives of KZN and EC's populations. It was carried out between the period of August 2013 to December 2013, using a mixed-method approach to understand the totality of population, the forces that contribute towards development and their interrelations with reproductive health (RH).