There is an increasing acknowledgement that men and boys must be better engaged in HIV prevention and treatment initiatives. Improving men's access to prevention and treatment services would result in a 'triple dividend', benefitting boys and men themselves, their sexual partners and their families. Although girls and women are biologically and socially more vulnerable to acquiring HIV, men access HIV prevention and treatment services less and at a later stage of disease progression and are more likely to die whilst on ART than women.